basil

When to sow basil?

Botanical name
Ocimum basilicum
Family
Lamiaceae

Basil is sown outdoors in June, 0.6 cm deep. It germinates in 14 to 18 days. It is harvested from June to September.

Basil is an annual plant. The edible parts are the leaves and flowers.

basil
Photo: Photo by David J. Stang · CC BY-SA 4.0

Basil through the year

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Indoor sowing
Transplanting
Outdoor sowing
Harvest
15913172125293337414549
  • indoor sowing
  • transplanting
  • outdoor sowing
  • harvest

In short

Outdoor sowing
in June
weeks 23 to 26
the window opens three weeks after the last frost
Indoor sowing
from March to July
weeks 10 to 31
the window opens ten weeks before the last frost
Transplanting
from May to June
weeks 22 to 26
the window opens two weeks after the last frost
Sowing depth
0.6 cm
Spacing in the row
10 to 60 cm
90 cm between rows
Germination
14 to 18 days
Germination temperature
20 °C
Days to maturity
68 to 74 days
Harvest
from June to September
weeks 26 to 39
Repeat sowing
every 21 days

The last frost is not on the same day everywhere, so the recorded weeks are a guide and not a date.

Growing conditions

🪨
Soil
light and loamy
🧪
pH
6 to 6.5
☀️
Sun
full sun
💧
Water
moderate water
❄️
Frost
does not tolerate frost
🌱
Nutrients
a moderate feeder
🔁
Crop rotation
no sooner than the fourth year
📏
Height
10 to 90 cm

Companions in the bed

Companion planting is tradition and not an agronomic claim. What is recorded is which pairs sources recommend and which they advise against.

pepper cited

Basil stays low and takes the space under the pepper.

tomato cited
  • “Cited” means the pair is named by one source or two.

Pests and diseases

Listed here is every problem for which the sources name this plant as a host. The problems are not listed in order of how common they are.

Aphids

pest
Signs
Colonies of small aphids sit on the shoot tips and the underside of the leaves. The leaf curls and puckers, and sticky honeydew is left on everything below. The viruses they carry are more dangerous than the feeding itself.
Prevention
Go easy on nitrogen, because soft sappy growth is what aphids are looking for. Encourage the predators (ladybirds, lacewings, parasitic wasps). Use a reflective mulch, which puts them off settling, and a strong jet of water to knock the colony off the tips.

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Related plants

The plants below are in the same botanical family (Lamiaceae).

Sources about the plant: BUND Region Hannover, Clemson Cooperative Extension, GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, Johnny's Selected Seeds, KGZS, NC State Extension Plant Toolbox, Royal Horticultural Society, Semenarna Ljubljana, University of Georgia Extension, University of Maryland Extension, Utah State University Extension, Wikidata. Checked between 14 and 30 August 2026. The problem descriptions also draw on: University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension.