tomato

When to sow tomatoes?

Botanical name
Solanum lycopersicum
Family
Solanaceae

Tomatoes are sown indoors in March, 1 cm deep. They germinate in 8 to 10 days. They are harvested from July to October.

Tomatoes are annual plants. The edible part is the fruit.

tomato
Photo: Softeis · CC BY-SA 3.0

Tomatoes through the year

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Indoor sowing
Transplanting
Harvest
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  • indoor sowing
  • transplanting
  • harvest

In short

Indoor sowing
in March
weeks 10 to 12
Transplanting
in May
weeks 20 to 21
Sowing depth
1 cm
Spacing in the row
35 to 60 cm
90 to 120 cm between rows
Germination
8 to 10 days
Germination temperature
18 to 27 °C
Days to maturity
52 to 90 days
Harvest
from July to October
weeks 28 to 40

Growing conditions

🪨
Soil
loamy
🧪
pH
5.8 to 6.8
☀️
Sun
full sun
💧
Water
moderate water
❄️
Frost
does not tolerate frost
🌱
Nutrients
a heavy feeder
🔁
Crop rotation
no sooner than the fourth year
📏
Height
0.3 to 3 m
⚠️
Toxicity
toxic to people and animals, toxic parts: stems and leaves

Companions in the bed

Companion planting is tradition and not an agronomic claim. What is recorded is which pairs sources recommend and which they advise against.

basil cited
borage cited

Borage at the edge of the bed is forage for the pollinators. It seeds itself on, so leave it the edge and not the middle.

broccoli cited
cabbage cited
kale cited
lettuce cited
radish cited
sweet corn sources disagree

Corn and tomato share a pest, and the corn takes the tomato's sun.

  • “Cited” means the pair is named by one source or two.
  • “Sources disagree” means one source recommends the pair and another advises against it.

Pests and diseases

Listed here is every problem for which the sources name this plant as a host. The problems are not listed in order of how common they are.

Aphids

pest
Signs
Colonies of small aphids sit on the shoot tips and the underside of the leaves. The leaf curls and puckers, and sticky honeydew is left on everything below. The viruses they carry are more dangerous than the feeding itself.
Prevention
Go easy on nitrogen, because soft sappy growth is what aphids are looking for. Encourage the predators (ladybirds, lacewings, parasitic wasps). Use a reflective mulch, which puts them off settling, and a strong jet of water to knock the colony off the tips.

Blossom end rot

disorder
Signs
At the blossom end of the fruit there is a watery, then dark, sunken and leathery patch. It is not a disease and does not pass from plant to plant, it is a sign that calcium never reached the fruit.
Prevention
Even moisture in the soil is the main measure: mulch and deep watering instead of a little and often. No excess nitrogen. Lime after a soil test, so that the calcium in the soil is available at all.
What to do
Remove the affected fruit. The next fruits come clean once the moisture steadies. A calcium spray gives temporary relief at best and does not replace watering.

Late blight

disease
Signs
On the leaves and stems there are dark, watery blotches, spreading fast until the leaf browns and dies. On the underside of a blotch there is a white down. On the fruit there are firm, olive brown patches. In cold wet weather the plant collapses in a few days.
Prevention
Plant healthy stock and keep to the rotation. Give the plants a wider spacing and an airy site. Water under the leaves, never over the foliage. Remove diseased plants as they show and take them out of the garden, not onto the compost. Choose resistant varieties.

Slugs and snails

pest
Signs
Holes appear in the middle of the leaf rather than along the edge, young plants are eaten down to the ground, and there are slimy trails in the morning. On low-growing fruit there are gnawed pits.
Prevention
Remove the hiding places beside the bed: boards, stones, dense weeds. Water in the morning and not in the evening, so that the night is dry. Spread a band of coarse sand or gravel around the bed. Cover young plants with fleece. Pick them off at night, which is still the most effective measure.

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Related plants

The plants below are in the same botanical family (Solanaceae).

Sources about the plant: ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants, Clemson Cooperative Extension, GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, KGZS, NC State Extension Plant Toolbox, Royal Horticultural Society, Semenarna Ljubljana, Utah State University Extension, Wikidata. Checked between 14 and 28 August 2026. The problem descriptions also draw on: EPPO Global Database, University of Maryland Extension, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension.