apple

When to prune apple trees?

Botanical name
Malus domestica
Family
Rosaceae

Apple trees are pruned from January to March. They are planted from October to March. They are harvested from August to October.

Apple trees are woody perennials. The edible part is the fruit.

apple
Photo: W.carter · CC0

Apple trees through the year

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Pruning
Planting
Harvest
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  • pruning
  • planting
  • harvest

In short

Pruning
from January to March
weeks 5 to 13
Planting
from October to March
week 44 to week 13 of the next year
Pruning cut
while dormant
Spacing between plants
3.5 m
First crop
after 4 to 5 years
Harvest
from August to October
weeks 34 to 42

Growing conditions

🪨
Soil
loamy
🧪
pH
6 to 8
☀️
Sun
full sun
💧
Water
little water
❄️
Frost
overwinters outdoors
📏
Height
2 to 9 m
🐝
Pollination
needs a pollinating variety nearby
⚠️
Toxicity
toxic to cats and dogs, toxic parts: stems, leaves and seeds

Pests and diseases

Listed here is every problem for which the sources name this plant as a host. The problems are not listed in order of how common they are.

Aphids

pest
Signs
Colonies of small aphids sit on the shoot tips and the underside of the leaves. The leaf curls and puckers, and sticky honeydew is left on everything below. The viruses they carry are more dangerous than the feeding itself.
Prevention
Go easy on nitrogen, because soft sappy growth is what aphids are looking for. Encourage the predators (ladybirds, lacewings, parasitic wasps). Use a reflective mulch, which puts them off settling, and a strong jet of water to knock the colony off the tips.

Apple scab

disease
Signs
On the leaves there are olive green velvety blotches that darken later. On the fruit there are brown to black scabby patches. As the fruit swells, the skin beside a scab cannot follow and the fruit splits.
Prevention
The fungus overwinters on fallen leaves and infected shoots, so cleared leaves are the main measure: rake up and carry away every fallen leaf and fruit, and cut out affected shoots. A resistant variety is a difference that shows every year.
What to do
For the home garden there is nothing for a tree whose fruit is eaten. What is left is hygiene and the choice of variety.

Brown rot (monilia)

disease
Signs
A brown rot spreading across the fruit, with light brown cushions of spores on it, often in concentric rings. The fruit drops or stays on the branch as a dried mummy.
Prevention
The fungus overwinters in mummified fruit and in cankered wounds in the bark, so collect and remove every rotten and mummified fruit and cut out affected twigs. The infection enters through a wound, so a net against birds takes away the main door. In a cluster it passes from one fruit to the fruit it touches.
What to do
For the home garden there are no fungicides against brown rot. What is left is picking off and removing the mummies as they appear and choosing less susceptible varieties.

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Related plants

The plants below are in the same botanical family (Rosaceae).

Sources about the plant: ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants, Clemson Cooperative Extension, GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, Iowa State University Extension, NC State Extension Plant Toolbox, Royal Horticultural Society, University of Maryland Extension, Wikidata. Checked between 14 and 28 August 2026. The problem descriptions also draw on: EPPO Global Database, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension, Utah State University Extension.