leek

When to sow leeks?

Botanical name
Allium ampeloprasum
Family
Amaryllidaceae

Leeks are sown outdoors from March to June, 1.5 cm deep. They germinate in 20 to 25 days. They are harvested from August to March.

Leeks are biennial plants. The edible parts are the bulbs, leaves and flowers.

leek
Photo: Kolforn · CC BY-SA 4.0

Leeks through the year

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Indoor sowing
Transplanting
Outdoor sowing
Harvest
15913172125293337414549
  • indoor sowing
  • transplanting
  • outdoor sowing
  • harvest

In short

Outdoor sowing
from March to June
weeks 10 to 26
the window opens ten weeks before the last frost
Indoor sowing
from February to March
weeks 6 to 13
the window opens fourteen weeks before the last frost
Transplanting
from May to July
weeks 21 to 28
the window opens a week after the last frost
Sowing depth
1.5 cm
Spacing in the row
10 to 20 cm
30 cm between rows
Germination
20 to 25 days
Germination temperature
18 °C
Days to maturity
100 to 120 days
Harvest
from August to March
week 35 to week 12 of the next year

The last frost is not on the same day everywhere, so the recorded weeks are a guide and not a date.

Growing conditions

🪨
Soil
loamy
🧪
pH
6.5 to 7.5
☀️
Sun
full sun
💧
Water
moderate water
❄️
Frost
overwinters outdoors
🌱
Nutrients
a moderate feeder
🔁
Crop rotation
no sooner than the fifth year
📏
Height
90 to 120 cm
⚠️
Toxicity
in larger amounts, toxic to people and animals

Companions in the bed

Companion planting is tradition and not an agronomic claim. What is recorded is which pairs sources recommend and which they advise against.

broccoli cited
celery cited
cucumber cited

Next to cucumbers the neighbours go to the edge of the bed.

lettuce cited
  • “Cited” means the pair is named by one source or two.

Pests and diseases

Listed here is every problem for which the sources name this plant as a host. The problems are not listed in order of how common they are.

White rot of alliums

disease
Signs
Growth is stunted and the leaves yellow and die. Pulled up, the underground part is coated in a white to grey mould or crust holding thousands of tiny black fruiting bodies.
Prevention
Plant only stock confirmed healthy. Pull out infected plants and take them away, not onto the compost. The fruiting bodies stay in the soil for years, so do not plant alliums in an infected bed for four to five years. Rotation on its own does not wipe the disease out.
What to do
For the home garden there is no product. The measure is the bed: remove the infected plants, work compost into the soil and leave a long break without alliums.

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Related plants

The plants below are in the same botanical family (Amaryllidaceae).

Sources about the plant: ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Weinbau und Gartenbau, GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, KGZS Kmetijsko gozdarska zbornica Slovenije, KGZS Zavod Ljubljana, KGZS Zavod Nova Gorica, NC State Extension Plant Toolbox, Royal Horticultural Society, Semenarna Ljubljana, Smernice za strokovno utemeljeno gnojenje (Mihelič et al., MKGP 2011), University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Utah State University Extension, Wikidata. Checked between 14 and 28 August 2026. The problem descriptions also draw on: EPPO Global Database, University of Maryland Extension.