celery

When to sow celery?

Botanical name
Apium graveolens
Family
Apiaceae

Celery is sown indoors from March to April, with the seed going on the surface and staying uncovered. It germinates in 20 to 30 days. It is harvested from July to October.

Celery is a biennial plant. The edible parts are the roots, stems, leaves and seeds.

celery
Photo: Eric Hunt · CC BY 2.5

Celery through the year

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Indoor sowing
Transplanting
Harvest
15913172125293337414549
  • indoor sowing
  • transplanting
  • harvest

In short

Indoor sowing
from March to April
weeks 11 to 15
the window opens nine weeks before the last frost
Transplanting
from May to June
weeks 21 to 23
the window opens a week after the last frost
Sowing depth
on the surface, not covered
Spacing in the row
23 to 45 cm
23 to 60 cm between rows
Germination
20 to 30 days
Germination temperature
15 °C
Days to maturity
120 days
Harvest
from July to October
weeks 27 to 44

The last frost is not on the same day everywhere, so the recorded weeks are a guide and not a date.

Growing conditions

🪨
Soil
loamy
🧪
pH
6.5 to 7.5
☀️
Sun
full sun
💧
Water
moderate water
❄️
Frost
tolerates light frost
🌱
Nutrients
a moderate feeder
🔁
Crop rotation
no sooner than the fourth year
📏
Height
45 to 90 cm

Companions in the bed

Companion planting is tradition and not an agronomic claim. What is recorded is which pairs sources recommend and which they advise against.

bean cited
broccoli cited
cabbage cited
cucumber cited

Next to cucumbers the neighbours go to the edge of the bed.

kale cited
kohlrabi cited

Kohlrabi is a quick catch crop.

leek cited
lettuce cited
  • “Cited” means the pair is named by one source or two.

Pests and diseases

Listed here is every problem for which the sources name this plant as a host. The problems are not listed in order of how common they are.

Carrot fly

pest
Signs
Just under the skin of the root there are rusty pits and tunnels, with small yellowish larvae in them. The top can turn yellow. An attacked root is no use in store and rots quickly.
Prevention
Sow thinly, so that you do not have to thin out, because the smell at thinning is what draws the females in. Sow later and harvest earlier to dodge the first and the second generation. Keep to a rotation, because the fly hatches from the soil.
What to do
Cover the whole bed with fine insect mesh from sowing on. Covering the whole bed is more reliable than a vertical barrier along it.

European corn borer

pest
Signs
Small entry holes in the stem with borings that look like sawdust. Above them the foliage wilts or the stem snaps.
Prevention
In autumn remove or shred the stems in which the caterpillars overwinter: cut them off at ground level and mulch them, plough them in or carry them off the bed. This is the strongest measure, because it takes the pest's winter quarters away.
What to do
Split the attacked stem below the entry hole and destroy the caterpillar. On a small bed this is workable and more precise than spraying, which does not reach a caterpillar inside a stem anyway.

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Related plants

The plants below are in the same botanical family (Apiaceae).

Sources about the plant: Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Weinbau und Gartenbau, GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, KGZS Zavod Ljubljana, KGZS Zavod Nova Gorica, NC State Extension Plant Toolbox, Penn State Extension, Royal Horticultural Society, Semenarna Ljubljana, Smernice za strokovno utemeljeno gnojenje (Mihelič et al., MKGP 2011), Utah State University Extension, Wikidata. Checked between 14 and 26 August 2026. The problem descriptions also draw on: EPPO Global Database, University of Maryland Extension.