lettuce

When to sow lettuce?

Botanical name
Lactuca sativa
Family
Asteraceae

Lettuce is sown outdoors from March to July, 1 cm deep. It germinates in 8 to 10 days. It is harvested from May to October.

Lettuce is an annual plant. The edible parts are the leaves.

lettuce
Photo: DeFacto · CC BY-SA 4.0

Lettuce through the year

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Indoor sowing
Transplanting
Outdoor sowing
Harvest
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  • indoor sowing
  • transplanting
  • outdoor sowing
  • harvest

In short

Outdoor sowing
from March to July
weeks 13 to 31
Indoor sowing
from February to April
weeks 6 to 14
Transplanting
from March to July
weeks 12 to 30
Sowing depth
1 cm
Spacing in the row
15 to 35 cm
30 to 90 cm between rows
Germination
8 to 10 days
Germination temperature
16 to 27 °C
Days to maturity
50 to 80 days
Harvest
from May to October
weeks 19 to 44
Repeat sowing
every 14 days

Growing conditions

🪨
Soil
loamy
🧪
pH
6 to 7.5
☀️
Sun
full sun
💧
Water
moderate water
❄️
Frost
tolerates light frost
🌱
Nutrients
a moderate feeder
🔁
Crop rotation
no sooner than the second year
📏
Height
15 to 30 cm

Companions in the bed

Companion planting is tradition and not an agronomic claim. What is recorded is which pairs sources recommend and which they advise against.

beetroot cited
broccoli cited
cabbage cited

This is good use of space rather than plant protection: the lettuce is picked before the cabbage covers the ground.

carrot cited
celery cited
garlic cited

A row of garlic is set among the lettuce against visiting game.

kohlrabi cited

Kohlrabi is a quick catch crop.

leek cited
mint cited

Mint runs through a bed and after two years you will not get it out, so plant it in a pot sunk into the bed.

onion cited
radish cited
spinach cited
tomato cited
  • “Cited” means the pair is named by one source or two.

Pests and diseases

Listed here is every problem for which the sources name this plant as a host. The problems are not listed in order of how common they are.

Aphids

pest
Signs
Colonies of small aphids sit on the shoot tips and the underside of the leaves. The leaf curls and puckers, and sticky honeydew is left on everything below. The viruses they carry are more dangerous than the feeding itself.
Prevention
Go easy on nitrogen, because soft sappy growth is what aphids are looking for. Encourage the predators (ladybirds, lacewings, parasitic wasps). Use a reflective mulch, which puts them off settling, and a strong jet of water to knock the colony off the tips.

Slugs and snails

pest
Signs
Holes appear in the middle of the leaf rather than along the edge, young plants are eaten down to the ground, and there are slimy trails in the morning. On low-growing fruit there are gnawed pits.
Prevention
Remove the hiding places beside the bed: boards, stones, dense weeds. Water in the morning and not in the evening, so that the night is dry. Spread a band of coarse sand or gravel around the bed. Cover young plants with fleece. Pick them off at night, which is still the most effective measure.

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Related plants

The plants below are in the same botanical family (Asteraceae).

Sources about the plant: Clemson Cooperative Extension, GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, KGZS Kmetijsko gozdarska zbornica Slovenije, KGZS Zavod Ljubljana, KGZS Zavod Nova Gorica, NC State Extension Plant Toolbox, Royal Horticultural Society, Semenarna Ljubljana, Smernice za strokovno utemeljeno gnojenje (Mihelič et al., MKGP 2011), University of Maryland Extension, Utah State University Extension, Wikidata. Checked between 14 and 28 August 2026. The problem descriptions also draw on: University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension.